Coffee is a plant and it is also the name of the drink that is made from this plant. The coffee plant is a bush or tree which can grow to 10 metres high, but is usually cut shorter. Coffee plants grew first in Africa, and now also grow in South America, Central America and Southeast Asia where they are an important crop for the economy of many countries.
The drink is made from the seeds of the coffee plant, which are called coffee beans. Coffee is usually served hot, and is a popular drink in many countries. Coffee contains a chemical called "caffeine" which is a mild drug that keeps people awake.
To make a drink from coffee beans, they must first be specially prepared by roasting. The beans are usually roasted a short time after they are picked. This dries them out, makes them last longer and makes them ready to be packed. Before the beans are made into a drink, they are "ground" (crushed into tiny pieces in a coffee mill). When the ground coffee is placed into boili water, the flavour and dark brown colour of the beans goes into the water. Making coffee is called "brewing" coffee. There are several different ways that coffee can be brewed.
Coffee types
There are two main types of coffee plant:
Coffea Arabica is the most common. Most of the world's coffee is made from Arabica beans[1], and
Coffea Robusta is easier to grow in places where Arabica will not grow.
Robusta is cheaper and has more caffeine than Arabica[2] and it is used in many commercial coffee products. But Robusta tastes bitter and acidic, so people only drink it with other things. Higher quality Robustas are in some espresso blends.
In the past, people gave names to new Arabica coffees from the port they came from. The two oldest Arabica coffees are "Mocha" and "Java". Today, names are more specific. They tell us the country, region, and sometimes even the property where they come from.
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